کاربرد حرف اضافه اشتباه

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استفاده نادرست حرف اضافه:

اشتباهات اغلب با به کار بردن حرف اضافه غلط بعد از کلمات معین رخ می دهند.

فهرست زیر شامل کلماتی می باشد که اغلب درد سر ساز می باشند:

[wptabs type="accordion"]
  [wptabcontent]1. Absorbed (= very much interested) in, not at.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The man was absorbed at his work.
 Say: The man was absorbed in his work. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]2. Accuse of not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: She accused the man for stealing.
 Say: She accused the man of stealing.

 Note: Charge takes with: The man was charged with murder. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]3. Accustomed  to,  not  with.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  I'm  accustomed with hot weather.
 Say: I'm accustomed to  hot weather. 

 Note: Also used to: He is used to the heat. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]4. Afraid  of,  not  from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Laura is afraid from the  dog.
 Say: Laura is afraid of the dog. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]5. Aim at, not on or against.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: She aimed on (or against) the target.
 Say: She aimed at the target.

 Note: Use the preposition at to denote direction: throw at, shout at, fire at, shoot at.
 Shoot (without the at) means to kill: He shot a bird (= he hit and killed it). [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]6. Angry with, not against.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The teacher was angry against him.
 Say: The teacher was angry with him.
 Note 1: We get angry with a person but at a thing: We was angry at the weather
 (not: with the weather).
 Note 2 Also annoyed with, vexed with, indignant with a person, but at a thing. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]7. Anxious (= troubled) about, not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: They're anxious for his health.
Say: They're anxious about his health.

Note: Anxious meaning wishing very much takes for. 
Parents are anxious for their children's success. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]8. Arrive at, not to.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: We arrived to the village at night.
Say: We arrived at the village at night.

Note: Use arrive in with countries and large cities. Mr Smith has arrived in
London (or New York, India, etc.) [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]9. Ashamed of, not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: He's now ashamed from his conduct.
Say: He's now ashamed of his conduct.
Note: It isn't correct to use ashamed of meaning shy. Ashamed means feeling shame or 
guilt about something. Shy means feeling nervous with someone. 
Instead of saying: I'm ashamed (or shamed) of my teacher, say: I'm shy of my teacher. [/wptabcontent]
  [wptabcontent]10. Believe in, not to.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: We believe to God.
Say:  We believe in God.

Note: To believe in means to have faith in. To believe (without the in) means to regard 
something as true: I believe everything he says. [/wptabcontent]

 [wptabcontent]11. Boast of or about, not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: James boasted for his strength.
Say: James boasted of (or about) his strength.
 [/wptabcontent]

 [wptabcontent]12. Careful of, with or about, not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Elke's very careful for her health.
Say: Elke's very careful of/about her health.
Or: You should be more careful with your money.

Note: Take care of: He takes care of his money.
 [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]13.  Travel by train, etc., not with the train, etc.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: He travelled with the train yesterday.
Say: He travelled by train yesterday.
Note: We say: by train, by boat by plane, by bike;
also, by land, by sea, by air, by bus; in a bus 
or on a bus; by car or in a car, by taxi or in a 
taxi; on horse-back, on a donkey, on a bicycle; on foot. [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]14. Complain about, not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Annette complained for the weather.
Say: Annette complained about the weather.

Note: When talking about illness we use
 complain of. We say: She
complained of a sore throat. [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]15. Composed of, not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Our class is composed from thirty students.
Say: Our class is composed of thirty students. [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]16. Confidence in,  not  to.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I have great confidence to you.
Say: I have great confidence in you.

Note: In confidence: Let me tell you something in confidence (= as a secret) [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]17. Conform to,  not  with.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:'We must  conform with the  rules.
Say: We must conform to the rules.

Note: comply takes with. We'll comply with your request. [/wptabcontent]
 [wptabcontent]18. Congratulate on,  not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I  congratulate you for your success.
Say: I congratulate you on your success. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]19. Consist  of,  not  from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: A  year consists from twelve  months.
Say: A year consists of twelve months.

Note: Take great care never to use consist in the passive form. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]20. Covered with,  not by.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The mountains are covered by snow.
Say: The mountains are covered with/in snow. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]21. Cure  of,  not from[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The man was cured from his illness.
Say: The man was cured of his illness.

Note: The noun cure takes for There is no cure for that disease. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]22. Depend on  or upon,  not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: It depends from her.
Say: It depends on (or upon) her.

Note: Rely on or upon. I can't rely on (or upon) him. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]23.  Deprive  of,  not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  Nelson Mandela was  deprived  from his freedom.
Say: Nelson Mandela was deprived of his freedom. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]24.  Die of an illness, not from an illness.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  Many people  have  died from malaria.
Say: Many people have died of malaria.

Note: People die of illness, of hunger, of thirst, of or from 
wounds; from overwork; by violence, by the sword, by pestilence; 
in battle; for their country, for a cause; through neglect; on the scaffold; at the stake. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]25.  Different  from,  not  than.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  My book  is  different than yours.
Say: My book is different from yours. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]26.  Disappointed by,  about or at,  not from. (a). by/at/about:[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  Phillipa was  disappointed from the  low mark she got in the test.
Say: Phillipa was disappointed by/about/at the low mark she got in the test.(b). with/in:
Don't say: Jane  was  disappointed  from her  son.
Say: Jane was  disappointed with/in her son.
Note: Before a person we use with or in, before a thing we use at, 
about or by and before a gerund we use at; Keith is very disappointed at not winning the prize. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]27.  Divide into parts, not in parts.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I  divided the cake in four parts.
Say: I divided the cake into four parts.

Note: A thing may be divided in half or in two: Paul divided the apple in half
(or in two).
 [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]28.  No doubt (n) of or about, not for.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  I've no doubt for his ability,
Say: I've no  doubt of (or about) his ability.

Note: Doubtful of: I am doubtful of his ability to pass. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]29. Dressed in,  not  with.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The woman was dressed with black.
Say: The woman was dressed in black.

Note: The woman was in black is also correct. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]30.  Exception to, not of.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: This is an exception of the rule.
Say: This is an exception to the rule.

Note: We say with the exception of: She liked all her subjects with the exception of physics
 [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]31.  Exchange for, not by.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: He exchanged his collection of matchboxes by some foreign stamps.
Say: He exchanged his collection of matchboxes for
some  foreign stamps.

Note: In exchange for: He gave them his old car in exchange for a new one. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]32. Fail in,  not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  Steven failed from maths last  year.
Say: Steven failed in maths last year. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]33. Full  of,  not  with  or from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The jar was full with  (or from)  oil.
Say: The jar was full of oil.

Note: Fill takes with: Jane filled the glass with water. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]34.  Get rid of,  not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I'll be  glad to get rid from him.
Say: I'll be glad to get rid of him.
 [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]35.  Glad  about, not from  or  with.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Francis was glad from (or with) receiving your  letter.
Say: Francis was glad about receiving your letter. [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]36.  Good at, not in.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: My sister's good in maths.
Say: My sister's good at maths.

Note 1: Bad at, clever at, quick at, slow at, etc. However, weak in: He's
weak in grammar.
Note 2: He's good in class means that his conduct is good.
 [/wptabcontent]
[wptabcontent]37.  Guard  against,  not from.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: You must guard from bad  habits.
Say: You must guard against bad  habits. [/wptabcontent]
[/wptabs]