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افعالی که اغلب اشتباه گرفته می شوند:

[wptabs type="accordion"]

[wptabcontent]396  Shall and Will.
(a) To express simple futurity:
In the  first  person:[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I will go tomorrow if it's fine.
Say: I shall go tomorrow if it's fine.
In the second person:
Don't say: She tells me you shall go tomorrow.
Say:  She tells me you will/'ll go tomorrow.
In the third person:
Don't say: He shall go if he has permission.
Say: He will/'ll go if he has permission.
(b) To express something more than simple futurity:
In the first  person:
Don't say: I have determined that I shall go.
Say: I have determined that I will/'ll go.
In  the second person:
Don't say: You will/'ll go out if you are good.
Say: You shall go out if you are good.
In the third person:
Don't say: My mind is made up : he will/'ll go.
Say: My mind is made up : he shall go.

To form the simple future, use shall with the first person and
 will with the second and third persons. Will in the first person 
denotes resolution or personal determination, and shall in the
 second and third persons denotes either a command or a promise.

Note: Should, the past tense of shall, and would, the
 past tense of will, have the same differences of 
meaning and use as the present forms shall and will.
I was afraid that I should fail, I promised that I would help him.
(See Exercise 41 on page 156.)
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]397  Shall and May.
Distinguish  between:
(a) May I shut the door? and
(b) Shall I shut the door?[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] May I shut the door? Means that I wish the door closed and 
I ask your permission to shut it. Shall I shut the door'? Means
 that I want to know whether you wish the door closed. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]398 Say and Tell.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: He told, 'I will/ll go home.' He told that he'd go home .
Say: He said, 'I will/'ll go home.' He said that he'd go home.

Use to say (1) when referring to a person's actual words, and (2) in 
indirect speech if the sentence doesn't contain an indirect object.

Note: Common idioms with say and tell:
Say a prayer. Who says? I must say! You can say that again! If
 you say so. Tell the truth. Tell a lie. Tell a story. Tell
 the time. Tell your fortune. Tell someone your name.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]
399 Make and Do .[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Make.
Don't say: The carpenter did a  large table.
Say: The carpenter made a  large table.
(b) Do.
Don't say:  You  must  make your work  carefully.
Say:  You  must  do  your  work  carefully.

To make primarily means to construct or manufacture something, while to do
means to accomplish a thing.

Note: Common exceptions with make and do. (a) To make a
 mistake, to make a promise, to make a speech, to make 
an excuse, to make haste, to make fun of, to make progress, to
 make a noise, to make a bed (= to prepare the bed for sleeping on)
 (b) To do good, to do evil, to do your best, to do
your duty, to do someone a favour, to do wrong, to do a puzzle, to do
business, to do away with , to do gymnastics, to do exercises. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]400 Lie and Lay.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Lie.
Don't say: I'm going to  lay  down for an hour.
Say: I'm going to lie down for an hour.
(b) Lay.
Don't say: Please lie the exam papers on the desk.
Say: Please lay out the exam papers on the desk.

Lie (= to rest) is an intransitive verb and never has
 an object. Lay (= to put) is a transitive verb and always
 requires an object. Their principal parts are lie, lay, lain, and lay, laid, laid.

Note: Lie, lied, lied is to tell an untruth: He has lied to me.
 Lay, laid, laid also means to produce eggs: The hen has
 laid an egg. (Idiom: Lay the table is to prepare the table for a meal.) [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]401  Sit and Seat.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a)  Sit.
Don't say: We seat at a desk to write a letter.
Say: We sit at a desk to write a letter.
(b)  Seat.
Don't say: He sat the passengers one by one.
Say: He seated the passengers one by one.

Use sit as an intransitive verb. Seat is a transitive verb
 and requires an object. Very often the object of seat is a 
reflexive pronoun: He seated himself near the fire. The principal
 parts of the two verbs are: sit, sat, sat, and seat, seated, seated.

Note: Don't confuse sit with set, which usually means to place.
 Common idioms with set: to set the table, to set on 
fire, to set off (or out), to set a trap, to set a 
clock, to set a price, to set your heart on , to set free, to set 
an example, to set a broken bone, to set to work (= to start work). [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]402  Rise and Raise.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Rise.
Don't say: Val raises very early in the morning.
Say: Val rises very early in the morning.
(b) Raise.
Don't say: She rose their salaries too  often.
Say:  She raised their salaries too often.

Rise is an intransitive verb and means to go up, stand up, or get out of bed. It doesn't
 require an object. Raise is a transitive verb and means to lift up
 something Their principal parts are; rise, rose, risen, and raise, raised, raised.
Note: Arise is often used for rise, but it is better to use arise only in the sense
 of begin: A quarrel (a discussion, an argument, a difficulty, etc.) may arise.
This is formal but is still used. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]403 Like and Love.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I like you! Will you marry me?
Say: I love you! Will you marry me?

Both verbs can be used for people and things, the only 
difference is one of degree Love is much stronger than like.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]404  Stay and Remain.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Stay.
Don't say: We remained in a very good hotel.
Say: We stayed in a very good hotel.
(b) Remain.
Don't say: Not many figs have stayed on the tree.
Say: Not many figs have remained on the tree.

Here, to stay means to live for a short time as a guest or a visitor,
 and to remain means to be left after part has been taken or destroyed.

Note; Use either verb when the meaning is to continue in the same place
 or condition: I'll stay (or remain) at home til! tomorrow. Remain is more formal.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]405  Hanged and Hung.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a)  Hanged.
Don't say:  No-one has been hung in Britain since 1964.
Say: No-one has been hanged in Britain since 1964.
(b) Hung.
Don't say: We hanged the picture on the wall.
Say: We hung the picture on the wail.

When the reference is to killing a person or animal by hanging, we use the form hanged.
 In other cases, the form is hung. The principal parts of the
 two verbs are: hang, hanged, hanged; hang, hung, hung.
(See Exercise 50 on page 160.) [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]406  Wear and Put on.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Wear.
Don't say: Kathy always puts  on black shoes.
Say: Kathy always wears black shoes.
(b) Put  on.
Don't say: I wear my clothes in the morning.
Say:  I put on  my  clothes in  the morning.

Wear means to have upon the body as a garment or as an ornament. To put on denotes a simple act.

Note: To dress has nearly the same meaning as to put on, but the object of dress is
 a person and not a thing: He dressed himself and went out, The mother dressed her baby. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]407 Tear and Tear up.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Tear.
Don't say: John tore up his coat on a nail.
Say: John tore his coat on a nail.
(b) Tear up.
Don't say: Philip was angry and tore the letter.Say: Philip was angry and tore up the letter.
To tear means to divide along a straight or irregular line, sometimes by accident.
 To tear up means to destroy by tearing to pieces.
Note: The word up is often used with verbs to express the idea of greater
 completeness: burn up, drink up, dry up, cut up, eat up, shut up, use up. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]408 Grow and Grow up.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Grow.
Don't say: These flowers grow up very quickly.
Say: These flowers grow very quickly.
(b) Grow up.
Don't say: When I grow I'll be a doctor.
Say: When I grow up I'll be a doctor.
To grow means to become bigger, to grow up means to become an adult. Note:
 Other meanings of grow. (1) to occur naturally in the ground: Rice
grows in Egypt; (2) to cause to grow: We grow flowers in our garden;
(3) to allow to grow: He grew a beard; (4) to become: The nights grow
cold in winter.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]409 Pick and Pick up.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Pick.
Don't say: We picked up flowers in the garden.
Say: We picked flowers in the garden.
(b) Pick up.
Don't say: The naughty boy picked a stone.
Say: The naughty boy picked up a stone.

To pick fruit or flowers means to pull them away with the fingers, to pick up means 
to lift up from the ground. The important element is that what is picked up isn't attached.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]
410 Deal with and Deal in.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Deal with.
Don't say: This book deals in common errors.
Say: This book deals with common errors.
(b) Deal in.
Don't say: A bookseller deals  with books.
Say: A bookseller deals in books.
To deaf with means to have to do with, to deal in means to buy and sell. Note: 
To deal with also means to take action on a matter: The headmaster will
deal with that question.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]411  Interfere in and Interfere with.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Interfere  in.
Don't say:  Don't interfere with  my private  business!
Say:  Don't interfere in my private business!
(b) Interfere  with.
Don't say: Paul is  always interfering in the equipment.
Say: Paul is always interfering with the equipment.
Interfere in means to concern yourself with something which you shouldn't.
Interfere with means to do some damage or be a nuisance to someone or something.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]412  Borrow and Lend.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Borrow.
Don't say: I  want to lend a book from you.
Say: I  want to  borrow a  book from you.
(b)  Lend.
Don't say: Will you please borrow me  a book?
Say: Will you please lend me  a book?
To borrow is to get something from someone, and to lend is to give
something to someone. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]413  Steal and Rob.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Steal.
Don't say:  Someone has robbed all her money.
Say:  Someone has stolen all her money.
(b) Rob.
Don't say:  Some men stole a bank last night.
Say: Some men robbed a bank last night.
The object of steal is the thing taken by the thief, such as money, a watch, a bicycle, etc., 
while the object of rob is the person or place from whom (or which) 
the thing is taken, such as a man, a house, or a bank. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]414 Take revenge and Avenge.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I must avenge myself for what he  did to me !
Say: I must take revenge for what he did to me !
Note: Avenge and revenge oneself are now only found in literary English. 
We usually use take revenge (on). We might also say: He must have his revenge.
415 Convince and Persuade.
Don't say: I am persuaded of Robin's innocence.
Say: I am convinced of Robin's innocence.
Persuade and convince have very similar meanings and are mostly interchangeable in modern English: 
Delia persuaded me to take the exam = Delia convinced me to take the exam. Except in the
 case of to be convinced of something meaning to believe something.
Note: Care must be taken not to confuse persuade with pursued, the past tense of pursue (= to follow).
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]416  Refuse  and Deny.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a)  Refuse.
Don't say: Sarah denied to take the money.
Say:  Sarah  refused to  take the  money.
(b) Deny.
Don't say: John  refused  that he'd  done  it.
Say: John denied that he'd done it.
To refuse means not to take what is offered or not to do what one is asked to do .
To deny means to answer in the negative or to say that a statement isn't true. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]417  Discover and  Invent.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a)  Discover.
Don't say: America  was  invented by  Columbus.
Say; America was discovered by Columbus.
(b)  Invent.
Don't say:  Edison  discovered the  gramophone.
Say: Edison  invented the  gramophone.
To discover is to find that which existed before but was unknown,
 and to invent is to create that which didn't exist before.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]418  Take place and Take part.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Take place.
Don't say: The meeting will  take part soon.
Say: The meeting will take place soon.
(b) Take  part.
Don't say: I'll take place in the meeting.
Say: I'll take part in the meeting.
To take place means to happen or to be held, while 
to take part means to be involved in.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]419  Made from and Made of.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Made  from.
Don't say: The bowl is made of glass.
Say: The bowl is made from glass.
(b) Made  of.
Don't say: The  statue is  made from  marble.
Say: The statue is made of marble.
We usually use of when you can still recognise the original material. We use
from when the original materials are unrecognisable. In most cases either is possible. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]420  Let for Rent and  Hired out for Hire.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] (a) Rent.
Don't say: I let the house from Mr Jones.
Say: I rent the house from  Mr Jones.
Note: To rent something is to pay to use it, usually for a long period of time:
 a house, a car, a piano etc. To let something is to allow someone to pay you
for the use of something that belongs to you.
(b) Hire.
Don't say: I hired out a surf board when I was in America.
Say: I hired a surf board when I was in America.
Note: To hire something is to pay to use it, usually for a short time, with one single 
payment: a suit, a bicycle, a rowing boat etc. To hire out is to offer something for someone else to hire. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]421  Win for Earn.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: She wins her living  by hard work.
Say:  She earns her living by hard  work.
To earn means to receive in return for work, to win is to obtain as a 
result of fighting, competition, gambling, etc.
Note: The verb to gain may be used with either meaning: to gain one's living
or to gain a victory, a prize, etc.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]422  Substitute  for  Replace  with.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:They  substituted gold  with  paper  money.
Say: They replaced gold with paper money.
We replace one thing with another, but we substitute one thing for another. The two phrases mean
 the reverse of each other: You replace gold with paper money. You substitute paper money for gold.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]423  Correct for Repair or Mend.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  Some  men  are  correcting the road.
Say: Some men are repairing the  road.
To correct is to make something right: to correct mistakes, a composition,
a translation, one's pronunciation, etc. To repair or to mend is to put 
in good condition after being damaged: to repair or mend a road, clothes, shoes, etc.
Note: To repair a watch is to put it in good condition again, but to 
correct a watch is to set it to the right time. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]424  Dust for Cover with dust.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say:  A  sandstorm  dusted  our  clothes.
Say: A  sandstorm covered  our clothes with  dust.
To dust doesn't mean to cover with dust, but to remove dust
 from: After sweeping, she dusted the furniture. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]425  Please  for Ask or Thank.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: I pleased him to do me a favour;
or: I pleased him for his lovely present.
Say: I asked him to do me a favour;
and: I thanked him for his lovely present.
To please means to give pleasure to: I worked hard to please my teacher.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]426  Could for Was able to.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Because Laura worked hard she  could finish the job in time.
Say: Because Laura worked hard she was able to
finish the job in time.
If the meaning is managed to or succeeded in doing, use was able to, and not could.
 [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]427  Learn  for Teach.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Graham learned us  how to  play hockey.
Say:  Graham taught us how to play hockey.
Teach means to give instruction, learn means to receive instruction: He taught
me English, and I learned it quickly. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]428  Win or Beat.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: We've always  won  your team.
Say: We've always beaten your team.
To win is to get something you wanted, to beat is to overcome an opponent:
The girls beat the boys, and won the prize.

Remember: the principal parts of each verb: beat, beat, beaten, and win , won, won. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]
429 Accept  for  Agree.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: The teacher accepted to go with us .
Say: The teacher agreed to go with us .
Accept means to take something that is offered to you. Maria accepted the bunch of flowers. 
It also means to believe something you're told: Ken accepted his explanation.
 Agree to means to do what one is asked to do: David agreed to come to London on Monday,
 but agree with means to have the same opinion as someone else.
 The Long family never agree with each other.
Note: We agree with a person, but to a thing. I agree with Luke, but I can't
agree to this plan. [/wptabcontent]

[wptabcontent]430  Leave  for  Let.[/wptabcontent]
    [wptabcontent] Don't say: Penny didn't leave me to get my book.
Say:  Penny didn't let me get my  book.
Let means to allow. Leave means to abandon or to go away from: Do you
leave your books at school? [/wptabcontent]

[/wptabs]